Understanding Full Frame Replacement Windows

Many replacement window companies don't even evaluate whether or not your window replacement should be an insert or full frame type. After all, insert replacement is cheaper and easier to sell. The question is whether or not it's the best thing for the home.

Particularly in older homes the windows are usually wood. Even if they are clad they are more than likely caulked around the outside of the window unit. The cracks between the jamb and the house frame may be insulated but probably not.

What's happening when the caulk fails? Worse yet, what if it was never fully sealed. In twenty years of my experience I've never seen a home more than five years old that didn't have water damage around the windows - outside for sure, often inside the walls too. It's not always severe but it is there. If every homeowner could see what's behind the siding or inside the wall they'd choose full frame replacement every time. In my opinion it is needed every time.

Insert replacements leave the old window frame in the home. The rot, mold, and insects that are in there remain.

According to the most recent report from the Joint Center For Housing, 84% of all homeowners say their number one consideration is energy efficiency. Insert replacement doesn't insulate the open areas that have developed around the old window frame. That area can't be treated during the process of insert replacement.

The bottom line is that a real replacement window company will point this out and give you the choice. If they only try to sell the insert replacement what is their number one concern, your home or their commission?

What Is A "Green" Window

As we've become more and more aware of "building green" I wondered what that really meant for the window and glass industries. I needed to know what is universally set as the criteria for "green". We're actually asking how different windows score on tough environmental measures through all life-cycle stages, including raw material acquisition, manufacture, transportation, installation, use, and waste management using those criteria.

To me, all wood windows are immediately disqualified from any conversation about "Green". They use up precious natural resources, create waste, don't last long enough, and aren't energy efficient enough.

Is a man made material like vinyl considered "green"? Surprisingly, the answer is yes. I'll use Preservation Windows as an example. They don't use up natural resources, create zero waste, last lifetimes, and are way more energy efficient than most windows.

Before I really looked into it I thought Renewal by Andersen was the greenest window because of their use of sawdust and recycled materials. They were the first to receive the "Green Seal" award. What is their lifecycle? Who knows, but they only warranty their frames for ten years where many other vinyl window manufacturer's provide lifetime warranties. I wonder if that is a reflection of their confidence in mixing sawdust, recycled pop bottles, and vinyl together as a frame material?

Then I looked at their NFRC ratings on their website. Preservation Windows standard units are significantly more energy efficient than Renewal and it isn't even close.

My new impression of what "green" means certainly changes everything.

Glass Designed For Zone 5

Energy Star's proposed standards for upcoming years have added two more zones to the United States. The northern most zone is zone 5 which includes Minneapolis, St. Paul, Fargo, Green Bay, and many others. It is also the zone where u-factor is the most important rating you will see on the NFRC label.

What is the NFRC label? It is the label on every manufacturer's window that reports the independent test rating of five major components. Heat loss is the term most often tied to u-factor and that is really a function of the glass used in manufacturing the replacement window. Now you see why I say that u-factor is most important in zone 5.

When Energy Star published their proposed standards for upcoming years they made it clear that they want the Energy Star logo to mean something on windows. They are setting much higher and harder to achieve energy efficiency standards.

EnergyMaxx10 glass is the heart of what makes the Preservation Window the most energy efficient window on the market. EnergyMaxx10 has a number of key components that make it so energy efficient. It has the SST spacer system, krypton gas, two gas-filled chambers, and one inch of total glass space.

The SST spacer system is the heart of 'warm edge technology'. The specifications for the SST system clearly show why but here is the short list.

• Exclusive, patented tru warm edge.
• Patented double seal system.
• 54% more thermally efficient than windows made with conventional spacers.
• 950 times less conductive than aluminum spacers.
• 85 times less conductive than stainless steel spacers.
• Krypton gas has more than two and half times as much insulating value as argon.
• The chambers are larger than other glass types.

There are a few of the reasons for those of you in Zone 5 to go with Preservation Windows with EnergyMaxx10 glass.

Using Krypton In Window Glass

The use of krypton in high performance glass is becoming more and more popular. The question in most people's mind is whether or not it's worth it. The answer is yes, definitely.

Krypton and argon are both used in between the lites of glass in Low E and High Performance glass products. Both are inert gases that are not harmful to humans. Both have higher density than air.

Krypton is a better insulator because it's more than twice as dense as argon. Here is an easy analogy for you:

If you were looking at a swimming pool and it was empty, you could hop in and walk the full length of it quite easily. That's what air between the panes of glass is like. If the pool had water in it you would take longer and spend quite a bit more energy walking from one end to the other. That would be like argon. Now let's fill that pool with Jello, Jello symbolizing krypton gas.

I'm sure you get the drift. Krypton is a far better insulator than argon simply because of its density. Here is some more from Efficient Windows.Org if you're more of a technical person.

Windows - Wood or Vinyl?

When someone asks me which type of window is better, wood or vinyl, I never hesitate to answer that vinyl makes a better window. It's almost like there is this little marketing war going on between the two types of window manufacturers. Most of what we hear is more urban myth than substance. I think it's simple to see that you can expect a vinyl window to last longer and be more energy efficient.

In the old days I used to think Andersen Windows were the standard because they were "the energy efficient window." If you don't already know, Andersen came out with vinyl clad windows and, at the time, they were the most innovative window on the market. The vinyl is PVC and it is like what the best vinyl windows are made of today. They used to be the prominent "vinyl clad" window in the whole world.

Now the same Andersen Windows are called wood windows. Funny, there hasn't been any structural change to the windows in 20 years. The Narroline windows are the same now as they were in 1975 except for the glass and other very minor changes. The only thing that's changed is perception. Vinyl clad was innovative back then so they were called vinyl clad windows. Now they are wood windows because natural wood is "in". Is it marketing or public perception?

My bias toward vinyl windows, especially replacement windows, is based on more scientific facts. For one, the good vinyl replacement windows have a Lifetime Warranty. Wood windows have a ten year warranty, at least the major ones like Andersen, Marvin, and Pella. Wood rots and that's just a fact. They can't possibly give a Lifetime Warranty or they would be out of business.

Vinyl is far more energy efficient than wood. The good vinyl windows have hollow chambers filled with foam insulation and offer a much higher r-factor than wood - even before the wood rots. The vinyl nowadays is uPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride). Detractors often call them plastic windows because there is some kind of negative connotation about plastic. Note the "unplasticized" in uPVC. The virgin vinyl type will last a few human lifetimes without warping, cracking, or peeling. Vinyl never needs painting. Enough said about that.

I monitor one of the major window forums on the Internet and the most spirited argument I've ever seen was about warranties. One side argued that the lifetime warranty was better because it was forever. The other side countered that their windows, from the big three window makers, had a 10/20 warranty that was better than the lifetime warranty because they were still going to be in business to back the warranty. That was really interesting to me since the company that makes Preservation Windows has been in business for 68 years, has a solid reputation, and maintains solid earnings in tough economic times. They have a lifetime warranty that includes glass breakage and their u-factor rating was .19, twice as good as the big three. Nobody made that point and it didn't look like the type of argument I wanted to join. I was hearing banjo music in my head when I read some of the comments and it was very heated at times.

During that string of arguments someone mentioned Renewal By Andersen and their innovative material they call fibrex. Fibrex parts are only covered by a 10 year warranty. The material was developed in an effort to make the sawdust from Andersen's Bayport, Minnesota plant into something useful instead of burning thousands of tons of it every year. Fibrex is 40% reclaimed material. Since reground PVC has memory the polymers stretch and try to pull into their original form it's no wonder the warranty isn't longer. I'm not sold on fibrex until they prove that it's not the new "masonite". Do they seem confident with that 10 year warranty?

Preservation Windows has been named Energy Star Partner of the Year three times. They are more than twice as energy efficient as the big three and have a warranty that dwarfs theirs. Other good vinyl window makers with lifetime warranties include Simonton, Gorrell, and Milguard. My apology to any of the thousands of others who make really good vinyl windows. The two things the vinyl manufacturers have in common are energy efficiency and durability - none of them rot! And guess what, they don't expand and contract much either.

I think suffice is to say that vinyl windows, especially replacement windows, have too many important areas where their performance is far superior to wood. Please tell me what you think.

Replacement Windows Take Planning

With so many replacement windows on the market it can be confusing and frustrating to know which way to go. There are some general considerations that need to be considered and it may help you to develop a checklist of basic requirements. If you start calling contractors and listen to their recommendations you'll probably become more confused than you were going into the process.

One of the first things I recommend doing is to inspect your windows from the outside. Take note of the wood and siding around the window unit because it is as important as your window choice in the long run. If you find rotting and/or holes and cracks around the window you probably should be doing a full frame window replacement.

A full frame window replacement is one that includes complete removal and replacement of the whole window including jambs, casing, head, sill, and sash. In most homes there has been water leakage over the years that has caused rotting and, possibly, mold. When the contractor removes the old window unit they have clear access to inspect and replace any problems they find. They can also re-insulate immediately around the replacement window unit for better overall performance.

Decide what material you want. There are three basic materials used in the replacement window industry. Those three materials are wood, vinyl, and aluminum.

There is no wood window on the market with a lifetime warranty. The basic problem is that wood rots. They just can't count on it to last. It also doesn't have the insulating value of vinyl and aluminum because both of those can be filled with some type of insulation like foam. Condensation is inevitable, especially when your house is well insulated. The condensation drips down the inside of the glass and causes the water to collect on the wood sash. Wood gives you maintenance headaches and premature death of your windows.

In cooler climates aluminum windows are not a good choice either. Aluminum conducts heat and cold so they don't offer the insulation value of the same window built with vinyl.

I always recommend vinyl replacement windows. Within the classification of "vinyl replacement windows" there are high quality vinyl and low quality vinyl components used in a variety of windows. Make sure that your are only considering virgin vinyl. Recycled vinyl is not good in replacement windows and is really not a green product. Using reground vinyl creates instability within the vinyl because the polymers are trying to get back to their original shape. In the sun the various reground vinyls will crack or break during expansion and contraction.

And now we've reached the biggest item for you to consider. Glass is the single most important factor in choosing your replacement windows. 85% of the window unit is glass and glass is the easiest thing to get objective rankings for. The NFRC provides the data you need in their rating system. As you will see, there are thousands of window manufacturers that have their products rated by the NFRC (National Fenestration Rating Council). Understanding the data makes it simple to know which windows are the contenders and which ones are the pretenders but understanding the NFRC label is the easiest way for you to rank the various windows.

Surprisingly, the big three, Andersen, Marvin, and Pella don't seem to come close to some of the smaller companies in their standard offering. There are many really good ones but from what I've seen the two best overall replacement vinyl windows are Preservation Windows and Gorrell Windows. Using the criteria I talked about will help you decide which window works for you. What I think doesn't really matter, what do you think?

U-Factor More Important Than R-Factor For Windows and Doors

The window and door industry have their products measured in the form of U-Factor rather than R-Factor. U-Factor is the standard adopted by the National Fenestration Rating Council for windows and doors because it measures the rate of heat transfer (or loss) by the product being rated. It is a more important factor than the R-Factor because R-Factor measures conductivity. Windows and door are obviously not stationary so the measurement of heat loss gives us a better indication of how energy efficient a window or door is.

Radiant Heat Transfer

Radiant heat transfer is heat flow via absorption and then re-radiation. (An easy example is when you put your arm into the direct summer sun and it starts to warm up.)

The NFRC gives each window a U-factor rating. The U-factor is the inverse of the more familiar R-factor used in attic insulation. So a U-factor of .5 equals an R-factor of 2. The lower the U-factor the better.

When comparing windows, check for the NFRC label. Look for the U-factor. The first number after the words "U-factor" is the rating that's appropriate for residential purposes. It will be marked "AA" or "Residential." The U-factor marked "BB" or "Non-Residential" is for commercial window applications. Use the U-factor rating to make meaningful comparisons. Be wary of a window vendor who won't provide this number.

How far should you go? Obviously, you need to get price comparisons to make a decision. Keep in mind that a good portion of your cost is installation, so it makes sense to leverage those costs by installing a better window.

Convection Heat Transfer

Convection is the transmission of heat caused by movement of molecules from cool regions to warmer regions of lower density. The word "convection" is derived from the latin term convehere (to bring together).

Convection heat transfer is heat flow via air movement. (An easy example is when you turn on a hair dryer and the hot air is projected from the end of the hair dryer.)

Conduction Heat Transfer

Conduction is heat transfer through materials. (An easy example of conduction is when the handle of a pot on the stove gets warm. The heat is being conducted from the bottom of the pot all the way to the handle.)

An energy efficient window designed for heating-dominated climates minimizes heat loss by controlling all three sources of heat (energy) transfer.

Creating Energy Efficient Windows For Cold Climates Like Minnesota

The window industry uses the term u-value to measure heat flow. (A lower u-value means better thermal performance.)
There are a number of glass-related options that window manufacturers can use to design energy-efficient windows in cold climates. Most of these techniques improve the thermal performance of the glass. A brief explanation of each follows:

• Insulating Glass
  Insulating glass is comprised of two (or more) pieces of glass separated by a spacer material and sealed together to create an insulating glass unit (IG unit). IG units reduce convection and conduction heat loss.
• Low-E Glass
  Low-E glass has an almost invisible, microscopically thin coating that reflects long-wave infrared energy (or heat). When interior heat energy tries to escape to the colder outside, the Low-E coating reflects the heat back to the inside. The Low-E coating reduces radiant heat loss through the glass.
• "Warm-Edge" Spacer System
  The spacer material separating the two glass panes can be a source of conductive heat loss in cold climates. The thermal performance of IG units can be enhanced by using the SST spacer material that has a lower energy conductance rate and/or has less physical mass which equates to a lower energy transfer path.

Northland Home Exteriors - Dealer of Distinction

When you choose Preservation, you not only get the industry's best windows and siding, you get the best dealer. Northland Home Exteriors is the Twin Cities area Dealer of Distinction for Preservation Premium Windows and Siding. Every Dealer of Distinction is sure to posess all of these attributes:

• High quality installation and service standards
• Design Expertise
• Established, Consistent Reliability
• Results-Oriented Consulting for Energy Solutions
• Solid Reputation in the Community and Industry
• High Rate of Customer Referrals

As the newest member of the Preservation Dealer of Distinction Program Northland meets all of these qualifications. They have a proven track record and their owner, Doyle Land, has more than 20 years experience in the business. He knows a great product when he sees it, making Preservation and Northland partners with the same goal.

A Dealer of Distinction is a dealer of impecable credentials. When you choose Preservation Windows and Siding you not only get the industry's best windows and siding you get the best dealer along with it.

Preservation isn't ordinary windows and siding. Intensive research and development give you unsurpassed beauty and uncompromising quality. It only makes sense that you can only get Preservation products from dealers who meet the same standards. There are only 22 Dealers of Distinction nationwide and we think that they, and our products, will be a perfect fit for your home.

Energy Tax Credit Back For 2009

The National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) has confirmed that Congress approved and President Bush has signed legislation renewing home improvement tax credits for consumers.

The credits are obtainable only for home improvements completed January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009. The original credits expired December 31st, 2007, and no credits are available for home improvements made during 2008.

The home improvement credit program will work the same way it did in 2007. Consumers can receive $200 credit for all qualifying products (including windows and doors) installed during any one taxable year. There is a $500 lifetime credit limit. All credits must be requested before the end of 2009.

An exterior window or door (other than a storm window or storm door) is considered an “Eligible Building Envelope Component” when it meets or exceeds the prescriptive criteria established by the IECC for the climate zone in which the window or door is installed.

A taxpayer may treat an exterior window that bears an ENERGY STAR^® label and is installed in the region identified on the label as an Eligible Building Envelope Component and may rely on such ENERGY STAR^® label, rather than on a manufacturer’s certification statement, in claiming the § 25C credit.

The credit amount established by § 25C of the Internal Revenue Code is:
• 10% of the amount paid or incurred by the taxpayer for qualified energy efficiency improvements installed during the taxable year.
• Up to $200.00 maximum credit for windows for all taxable years (maximum $500.00 credit for all improvements combined).
• Allowed only for amounts paid or incurred to purchase the window or door.
• Not allowed for amounts paid for onsite preparation, assembly, original installation labor, other components or sales tax.
• The purchase must be made during the taxable year for which the credit is claimed.
• Retroactive and with time limits, covering product in service after December 31, 2005 and before January 1, 2008.

The Energy Tax Credit information contained on the Preservation site is not complete or comprehensive. For the entire scope of information about the Credit for Non-Business Energy Property § 25C, please see:

Energy Tax Credit Information

Claiming Your Tax Credit

After establishing your eligibility to claim a Tax Credit for Non-Business Energy Property § 25C, please complete the following to ensure accuracy:

1. Request an invoice demonstrating the cost breakout of the window or door components from your contractor. This cost must exclude the cost of onsite preparation, assembly, original installation labor, other components or sales tax.
2. Download the applicable official Manufacturer's Certificate PDF following the links below (Adobe Acrobat Reader required).
3. Retain the contractor invoice and our official Manufacturer's Certificate for your IRS records. You are not required to provide this documentation to the IRS, but you will be required to present it if audited.

Replacement Window Information For Building Professionals

The purpose of this blog will be to provide updated technical information about windows and glass technology on a timely basis. Many times new technology is released and building professionals don't hear about it in time to make better decisions.

Right now the replacement window industry is having a huge jump in energy efficiency and manufacturing technology. On the flip side, manufacturers that can't retool in order to compete are failing. Recently Kensington, a well known manufacturer, closed their doors. Unfortunately, we expect more window manufacturers and a large number of exterior remodeling companies to close their doors over the coming winter.

It's important that there is an industry source that can be counted on to distribute that kind of information. We hope to fill that role for many.

If you have any research requests or questions please feel free to email me. I look forward to helping.